Handkerchief Tie
Folded, not wadded
You may have seen the essay circulating the 'Net that claims the folded "napkin" found at the Empty Tomb of Jesus signified what it did at any meal in that culture: it told the waiter (a slave back then) that the person was not finished eating and would be right back. This in contrast to the wadded napkin that signaled the meal was over and the diner was gone for good. The argument is that Jesus folded his napkin to show (drum roll) He's coming back!
Dubious proof of Second Coming
I find this interpretation dubious in the extreme for the following reasons:
- It appears to be dependent on the King James Version's English translation of the Greek word soudarion (John 20:7) as "napkin." It then runs with the associations 21st-century culture has with that English word. For soudarion my Greek-English dictionary suggests the renderings "handkerchief, facecloth (used for the dead)." An online Greek-English lexicon defines it: "a handkerchief; a cloth for wiping perspiration from the face and for cleaning the nose and also used in swathing the head of a corpse."
- Renderings of modern English translations: towel (Weymouth), handkerchief (J.B. Phillips), face-cloth (NASB, ESV [without the hyphen]), burial-cloth (NIV), cloth (EVD, NAB, NRSV, WEB), piece of cloth (CEV). Both the KJV and the ASV have "napkin," but Webster's Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language offers five definitions of "napkin," in addition to that associated with eating: "2. a small towel of linen or cotton cloth. 3. Chiefly Brit. a diaper. 4. North Eng. and Scot. a handkerchief. 5. Scot. a kerchief or neckerchief."
- A handkerchief-sized piece of cloth could be rendered "napkin" in a context involving a meal, but that is lacking in this case. The immediate context of John 20:7 has nothing to do with a meal, interrupted or otherwise. It is definitely a context of burial in a tomb, where soudarion would refer to a cloth covering the dead person's face or perhaps a bandage-like tie around the top of the head to keep the jaw closed.
- Soudarion also occurs in John 11:44, where it describes the face-covering of Lazarus immediately after Jesus restored him to life. Once again, no association with eating is present, only with the burial of a corpse. Lazarus walks out with the soudarion still in place, which means either his face was covered or his jaw was tied up.
- A much more likely explanation for the folded napkin is available that suits the immediate and broader context much better. Grave robbers would not bother to fold the napkin. They would be in a hurry and would toss it aside. That it was folded (or rolled up) is one proof that Jesus truly was raised from the dead.
- Much better proofs of the return of Christ include the testimony of Jesus Himself in passages such as Matthew 7:21-23; 24:26-31 (but you have to explain vv. 32-35); 24:36-51; 25:19; and 25:31-33. Added to that is the testimony of the angels at His ascension, Acts 1:10-11, and the testimony of Paul, the apostle and prophet, 1 Thessalonians 4:13 - 5:11 and 2 Thessalonians 1:5-10. These are so much more reliable than the speculative and ill-founded folded napkin argument.
Test Claims Carefully
We should be careful about uncritically accepting Internet-circulated Bible interpretations, even if they conveniently support our own beliefs, like the truth that Jesus really is coming again. Let's all commit ourselves to "Going Deeper."
Oh, and if you are interested in HOW to fold napkins, may I recommend that you look up Robbie's Kitchen for the fundamentals and Diana Eng's site for "origanimals," including a bear, a bunny, a peacock, and a snail.
Want to go Deeper?
To investigate more about the significance on the "napkin" or "face cloth," consult any good commentary on the Gospel of John and see what the comments are for John 20:7.
On the one hand, the text can be understood to mean that at His resurrection, Jesus' glorified body passed through the grave clothes, including the facecloth without disturbing them at all, leaving them as a shell kept in place by the spices administered at the time of interrment. This would certainly constitute strong proof of the resurrection in contrast to the graveclothes being torn and scattered across the floor in disarray, or missing altogether.
On the other hand, if the facecloth was neatly folded, and perhaps the rest as well, it suggests that there was no hurry to get away. This is the conclusion most commentators have reached, William Milligan in his classic book on the resurrection and B. F. Westcott's great commentary (both available online through Google Books or my website, DeeperStudy dot com).
Copyright ©2008 Steve Singleton
Steve Singleton has written and edited several books and numerous articles. He has been an editor, reporter, and public relations consultant. He has taught college-level Greek, Bible, and religious studies courses and has taught seminars in 12 states and the Caribbean.
Go to his DeeperStudy.com for Bible study resources, no matter what your level of expertise. Explore "The Shallows," plumb "The Depths," or use the well-organized "Study Links" for original sources in English translation. Check out the DeeperStudy Bookstore for great e-books, free books, and great discounts.
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How to tie a tux pocket handkerchief - double
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